From: Michael Snyder (msnyder@revolutioncomputer.com)
Date: Sat Jan 17 2004 - 07:48:36 GMT-3
I do writing on other subjects. Once in a great while, I write
something I would like to share with the world.
Piggybacking such a message onto a test message seems like a good way to
do it.
Please flame me directly if you disagree my writing or method of
distribution, and not tie up bandwidth of our mailing list :)
On the other hand, if you like my writing please feel free to share it
with others.
Sorry for taking up your time, Michael
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"The expansionary pressure exerted on the universe seems to increase
even as the spacetime itself expands"
I heard a segment on public radio about the work done by Robert Caldwell
and others on the expansion of the universe not being constant but
rather the more distant objects accelerating away from the core.
After thinking about it, I thought of course this should be the case. I
was taught in school that light carries momentum. Simply put, when light
strikes an object it can move the said object. This would apply from
everything from very short x-rays to long radio waves, in short; all EM
radiation has kinetic energy. This is the heat you feel when the sun
strikes your skin. Photovoltaic Power cells use this principle to move
electrons in the form of electrical current.
The momentum of a photon is P = E/c. There are a lot of photons in play
at any one time in our universe. Once in play, photons stay in transit
till they strike something. We don't realize the possible effects this
could have because we deal with them everyday. Each photon has a
directional vector (our eyes use this property at all times), the same
way each molecule of moving air has directional vector. We call this
wind, and well know the power of directional vectors of moving air.
I'm introducing nothing new here. Using solar sails for space
propulsion has been thought about for years. Instead I'm just changing
the scope of effect. I consider every gravity well a solar sail! This
has a unique outcome, that no gravity well can move itself thru the use
of photons, but can move other gravity wells away from them via shooting
photons at them.
Let's call these masses of moving photons lightpressure, thought it's a
bit off because most of them we couldn't see; because they are the wrong
wavelength for our eyes.
In the core of the universe, one would think the light pressure would be
pretty uniform having little directional effect; because stars shoot
photons in all directions. But on the outer reaches of the universe all
incoming emissions from the core could push an object outside of the
center faster and faster.
I know that most people would think of the smaller target area of
objects in space as they get farther way; would negate the light
pressure on the object, but then again space is a zero friction area.
As an object moves away from the core of the universe the direction
effect of lightpressure would become very pronounced.
By now, many readers probably would be pointing out the following.
"There just isn't that much light in the universe, at least not enough
to move stars."
I completely disagree.
There's plenty of Kinetic energy in photons to move stars.
How many photons does it take to move a star? One!
Do you have to strike the star to move it? No!
Why? Because stars sit at the bottom of gravity wells. If we treat a
gravity well as a closed system, then any Kinetic energy transferred
from outside the gravity well, applied to any matter inside the gravity
well will change the vector of the closed system thru free space.
Think about a single atom in perfect circular orbit around a star. The
atom is struck by a photon from outside the star's gravity. The new
kinetic energy changes the atom's orbit to an elliptical orbit. Over
time, the orbit degrades back to a perfect circular orbit. Where did the
kinetic energy go? You already know, the atom pulled all the masses in
the closed system to a new orientation, thus going back to a circular
orbit.
Yes, a single atom trapped in gravity can move a star. This is because
not only does the gravity of the sun pull the atom, but also the gravity
of the atom pulls the star. Most people miss this. It also means
everything in a gravity well acts as a solar sail absorbing directional
vectors of photons. Notice that local photons can't effect the star
because it's the one that issued the photon, any momentum from local
photons came from the star thus canceling out the effect. Only remote
photons and their momentum can change the direction of the total gravity
well.
We're talking about very small numbers here, but physics is based such
things. Not to mention an extreme amount of photons in transit in our
universe. We can only detect photons when they come to us as their final
destination, yet we detect them in all directions at all times. It only
takes a little imagination to think about all this kinetic energy in
play at this moment in the form of EM radiation. Imagine what 14 billion
years of these effects could do.
There's been talk about disproportion arrangement of matter in our
universe. Things that gravity alone doesn't explain. I'm thinking
lightpressure has had an effect on this matter over time. Gravity is the
basic pulling force in universe and EM radiation is the basic pushing
force of the universe. Both effects could do some very strange things
over time.
I can think of other effects. As photons transfer their momentum to cold
gases of inert matter in space, the atoms of the gases would pick up
directional vectors creating a slowly moving wave of matter moving away
from the source of the photons. Matter in front of the wave would be
shielded from the photons, thus the wave would build up more and more
matter over time. Add an outside event like another gas wave from a
different direction, that twists the first wave onto itself. This could
be a beginning of a new gravity well.
Maybe stars send out waves of photons for two reasons, one is to keep
the other stars outside it's gravity away from it. Keeping the
competition away is something we all can understand. And the second
could be to cause new stars to be formed. Cold inert matter could need
a jump start to push it together.
I have two analogies that come to mind.
The first is a commonly used one.
Take two people pitching a baseball back and forth. Have them stand in
office swivel chairs. Of course the chairs would move apart every time a
pitch was made. My point being that any kinetic energy transferred would
affect the two players.
The better analogy I wish to use to use to describe the propulsion of
one gravity well would have on another over long distance is this;
Imagine a single hovercraft with the motors running, sitting in the
middle of a gym.
Treating the gym as a closed system (the universe), and the hovercraft
as a single gravity well (with an active sun).
By itself, a single hovercraft on the gym floor would just sit there.
Air flowing in all directions, but no source of propulsion.
Now, add a second running hovercraft to the gym floor.
Almost immediately the two hovercrafts would move apart with an unseen
source of acceleration.
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Mike's theory of the Universe.
There's only two forces that act at astrophysics distances.
Both are very weak, but have considerable effects.
1) Gravity which works by warping space around it; thus pulling things
to it.
2) EM radiation which works by transferring directional kinetic energy
from one gravity well to another; thus pushing them away.
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